多对一的处理
多对一的理解:
- 多个学生对应一个老师
- 如果对于学生这边,就是一个多对一的现象,即从学生这边关联一个老师!
1、数据库设计
CREATE TABLE `teacher` ( `id` INT(10) NOT NULL, `name` VARCHAR(30) DEFAULT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (`id`) ) ENGINE=INNODB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8; INSERT INTO teacher(`id`, `name`) VALUES (1, '吴老师'); CREATE TABLE `student` ( `id` INT(10) NOT NULL, `name` VARCHAR(30) DEFAULT NULL, `tid` INT(10) DEFAULT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (`id`), KEY `fktid` (`tid`), CONSTRAINT `fktid` FOREIGN KEY (`tid`) REFERENCES `teacher` (`id`) ) ENGINE=INNODB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8; INSERT INTO `student` (`id`, `name`, `tid`) VALUES ('1', '小明', '1'); INSERT INTO `student` (`id`, `name`, `tid`) VALUES ('2', '小红', '1'); INSERT INTO `student` (`id`, `name`, `tid`) VALUES ('3', '小张', '1'); INSERT INTO `student` (`id`, `name`, `tid`) VALUES ('4', '小李', '1'); INSERT INTO `student` (`id`, `name`, `tid`) VALUES ('5', '小王', '1');
2、搭建测试环境
【Lombok的使用】
1. IDEA安装Lombok插件
2. 引入Maven依赖
<dependency> <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId> <artifactId>lombok</artifactId> <version>1.16.10</version> </dependency>
3. 在代码中增加注解
@Data public class Teacher { private int id; private String name; }
@Data public class Student { private int id; private String name; //多个学生可以是同一个老师,即多对一 private Teacher teacher; }
4. 编写实体类对应的Mapper接口 【两个】
- 无论有没有需求,都应该写上,以备后来之需!
public interface StudentMapper { }
public interface TeacherMapper { }
5. 编写Mapper接口对应的 mapper.xml配置文件 【两个】
- 无论有没有需求,都应该写上,以备后来之需!
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?> <!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd"> <mapper namespace="com.hang.mapper.StudentMapper"> </mapper>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?> <!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd"> <mapper namespace="com.hang.mapper.TeacherMapper"> </mapper>
3、按查询嵌套处理
1. 给StudentMapper接口增加方法
//获取所有学生及对应老师的信息 public List<Student> getStudents();
2. 编写对应的Mapper文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?> <!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd"> <mapper namespace="com.hang.mapper.StudentMapper"> <select id="getStudents" resultMap="studentTeacher"> select * from mybatis.student; </select> <resultMap id="studentTeacher" type="student"> <result property="id" column="id"/> <result property="name" column="name"/> <!--association关联属性 property属性名 javaType属性类型 column在多的一方的表中的列名--> <association property="teacher" column="tid" javaType="teacher" select="getTeacher"/> </resultMap> <select id="getTeacher" resultType="teacher"> select * from mybatis.teacher; </select> </mapper>
3. 编写完毕去Mybatis配置文件中,注册Mapper!
4.测试
@Test public void getStudents(){ SqlSession sqlSession = MybatisUtils.getSqlSession(); StudentMapper mapper = sqlSession.getMapper(StudentMapper.class); List<Student> students= mapper.getStudents(); for (Student student : students) { System.out.println( "学生名:"+ student.getName() +"\t老师:"+student.getTeacher().getName()); } sqlSession.close(); }
4 、按结果嵌套处理
除了上面这种方式,还有其他思路吗?
我们还可以按照结果进行嵌套处理;
1. 接口方法编写
public List<Student> getStudents2();
2. 编写对应的mapper文件
<select id="getStudents2" resultMap="studentTeacher2"> select s.id sid, s.name sname, t.id tid, t.name tname from mybatis.student s, mybatis.teacher t where t.id = s.tid </select>
<resultMap id="studentTeacher2" type="student"> <result property="id" column="sid"/> <result property="name" column="sname"/> <association property="teacher" javaType="teacher"> <result property="id" column="tid"/> <result property="name" column="tname"/> </association> </resultMap>
3. 去mybatis-config文件中注入【此处应该处理过了】
4. 测试
@Test public void getStudents2(){ SqlSession sqlSession = MybatisUtils.getSqlSession(); StudentMapper mapper = sqlSession.getMapper(StudentMapper.class); List<Student> students= mapper.getStudents2(); for (Student student : students) { System.out.println( "学生名:"+ student.getName() +"\t老师:"+student.getTeacher().getName()); } sqlSession.close(); }
5、小结
- 按照查询进行嵌套处理就像SQL中的子查询
- 按照结果进行嵌套处理就像SQL中的联表查询
一对多的处理
一对多的理解:
- 一个老师拥有多个学生
- 如果对于老师这边,就是一个一对多的现象,即从一个老师下面拥有一群学生(集合)!
1、实体类编写
@Data public class Student { private int id; private String name; private int tid; }
@Data public class Teacher { private int id; private String name; //一个老师多个学生 private List<Student> students; }
和之前一样,搭建测试的环境!
2、按结果嵌套处理
1. TeacherMapper接口编写方法
//获取指定老师,及老师下的所有学生 public Teacher getTeacher(int id);
2. 编写接口对应的Mapper配置文件
<select id="getTeacher" resultMap="TeacherStudent"> select s.id sid, s.name sname, t.id tid, t.name tname from mybatis.teacher t, mybatis.student s where t.id = s.tid and t.id = #{tid}; </select> <resultMap id="TeacherStudent" type="teacher"> <result property="id" column="tid"/> <result property="name" column="tname"/> <collection property="students" ofType="student"> <result property="id" column="sid"/> <result property="name" column="sname"/> <result property="tid" column="tid"/> </collection> </resultMap>
3. 将Mapper文件注册到MyBatis-config文件中
4. 测试
@Test public void testGetTeacher(){ SqlSession session = MybatisUtils.getSession(); TeacherMapper mapper = session.getMapper(TeacherMapper.class); Teacher teacher = mapper.getTeacher(1); System.out.println(teacher.getName()); System.out.println(teacher.getStudents()); }
3、按查询嵌套处理
1. TeacherMapper接口编写方法
public Teacher getTeacher2(int id);
2. 编写接口对应的Mapper配置文件
<select id="getTeacher2" resultMap="TeacherStudent2"> select * from teacher where id = #{id} </select> <resultMap id="TeacherStudent2" type="Teacher"> <!--column是一对多的外键 , 写的是一的主键的列名--> <collection property="students" javaType="ArrayList" ofType="Student" column="id" select="getStudentByTeacherId"/> </resultMap> <select id="getStudentByTeacherId" resultType="Student"> select * from student where tid = #{id} </select>
3. 将Mapper文件注册到MyBatis-config文件中
4. 测试
@Test public void testGetTeacher2(){ SqlSession session = MybatisUtils.getSession(); TeacherMapper mapper = session.getMapper(TeacherMapper.class); Teacher teacher = mapper.getTeacher2(1); System.out.println(teacher.getName()); System.out.println(teacher.getStudents()); }
4、小结
- 关联-association
- 集合-collection
- 所以association是用于一对一和多对一,而collection是用于一对多的关系
- JavaType和ofType都是用来指定对象类型的
-
- JavaType是用来指定pojo中属性的类型
- ofType指定的是映射到list集合属性中pojo的类型。
注意说明:
- 保证SQL的可读性,尽量通俗易懂
- 根据实际要求,尽量编写性能更高的SQL语句
- 注意属性名和字段不一致的问题
- 注意一对多和多对一 中:字段和属性对应的问题
- 尽量使用Log4j,通过日志来查看自己的错误